Dominosa (or "Dominosa Omnibus", "Domino Hunt", "Solitaire Dominoes")

Widely credited to O. S. Adler

Online Version (Other Online Versions: 1)

Dominosa is a puzzle where you have an arrangement of dominoes with only the numbers kept, edges being removed, and you must find the original arrangement of dominoes.

Strategies

Let's begin with a few simple ones.

Unique Pair

If there's only one place for a domino to go, that's the domino's place.

Covered Number

If there's only one direction a domino can be placed, that's the domino's direction.

Unique Domino

If a domino already has a place, it can't be placed anywhere else.

These three simple strategies are usually enough to finish up to level 4, but to solve level 5 and above reliably, you'll need some slightly more advanced strategies.

Unique Pair (advanced)

If a domino has to be placed on a certain square, the square belongs to that domino.

Unique Domino (advanced)

If a square has to make a certain domino, the domino has to contain that square.

2-wide spaces

This is less of a strategy, and more of something to look for, but it still helps. Let's say you have something that is close to being a rectangle of size 2xn, but has a few holes. Try putting a domino between one of those holes, and check if it causes an impossible configuration. If it's impossible, then you can cover that hole.

Here or There

If there are two squares that can only make the same two dominoes, those two dominoes can only be in those locations. If it's unclear, think of naked pairs from Sudoku. The same thing can happen with three squares and three dominoes, but it is very rare, and will not be mentioned separately.

These strategies are usually enough to finish level 9. However, not all puzzles can be solved in this way, and you'll have to use trial and error at some point. The recommended online version of Dominosa linked above has a feature specifically designed for trial and error. Click on the flag to save your position, and return to it later with the arrow.